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House of FitzJames
The House of FitzJames (or the ''House of FitzJames-Stuart'') is a noble house of English origin founded by James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, who was the illegitimate son of James II & VII, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, a Catholic monarch from the House of Stuart.〔Ruvigny, ''The Nobilities of Europe'', 303.〕 After the Revolution of 1688, the Duke of Berwick followed his father into exile and much of their history since then has been in Spain and France, with several members of the house serving in a military capacity.
The house has two main branches. The senior line, carrying the title Duke of Berwick and residing in Spain, is the result of the 1st Duke's marriage to Honora Burke, Countess of Lucan. This line has collected many titles throughout their history, including a few grandeeships of Spain, with some activity as ambassadors and military generals. The line associated with France, derived from the 1st Duke's second marriage to an Englishwoman, Anne Bulkeley, carried the title Duke of Fitz-James.
Perhaps the best known of the French line was Edward FitzJames, 5th Duke of FitzJames, an ultraroyalist who escaped to Italy after the French Revolution and returned around the time of the Bourbon Restoration.
==Sources==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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